Fascinating Facts About Vietnam

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu was one of most elegant women of the 20th century.In the 1950s and 1960s,she was first lady of South Vietnam. She was born in 1924 in Hanoi,Vietnam.In fact, she was compared with ladies such as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (former first lady of the United States), Dewi Sukarno (ex-first lady of Indonesia), Grace Kelly ( former princess of Monaco) and Eva Duarte de Peron (former first lady of Argentina).In the 1960s, Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu popularized the traditional Vietnamese "ao dai" (long dress). She currently resides in France, where she is writing her autobiography.She speaks fluent English, Vietnamese and French.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is the home to Historic City of Hue-one of the ancient wonders of the world. During the Nguyen dynasty (1802-1945), Hue was the capital of Vietnam. More than 10 palaces in Hue provide some of the best remaining examples of Vietnamese architecture in Asia. It is the monument that best symbolizes Vietnam. Hue has been recognised as a World Cultural Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Hieu Ngan Tran is one of the Vietnam´s best known and well-loved athletes. She is a taekwondo athlete who competed in the women´s featherweight category at the 2000 Olympic Games and won the silver medal. The silver medal for Vietnam was the first ever won by that country in Olympic competition.

Fascinating Facts About Vietnam

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is famous for its hospitality, and the average visitor will have no difficulty in adapting to local traditions.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The Vietnamese film industry has been honoured at film festival and award ceremonies around the world. The prizes attained include the Golden Lion for best film awarded by the Venice International Film to Anh Hung Tran´s Cyclo (1995) ; the Jury Prize awarded by the Sundance Film Festival to Tony Bui´s Three Seasons (1999); and the Grand Jury Prize awarded by the Pusan International Film Festival to Luu Hynh´s The White Silk Dress Press (1999).

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Madame Nguyen Thi Binh became the first female vice president of Vietnam in 1992. She became head of the Vietnamese women´s movement in the 1960s and 1970s.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Like its Thai cousin, Vietnam is world-famous for its traditional cuisine. At Paris´s top restaurants, visitors can savor the true taste of Vietnamese cuisine.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has long been famous for its magnificent temples and palaces.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the Third World.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The development of traditional Vietnamese sports is vital to the preservation of Vietnamese culture. Takraw, or kick volleyball, is a traditional sport in Vietnam. In this sport, a ball is passed from player to player by hitting it with the head and feet. Takraw also is widely played in Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The bio-diversity of Vietnam is one of its greatest riches.The country has six world´s biosphere reserves: Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Cat Ba, Cat Tien, Kien Giang, Red River Delta, and Western Nghe An.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The United States of America recognizes Vietnam as an independent country since 1995. In 1996, president Bill Clinton appointed Douglas Peterson to serve as United States ambassador to Vietnam.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is world-famous for its animal wildlife. This wildlife -which includes elephants, buffaloes, tigers, monkeys, rhinoceroses, snakes and turtles- attracts thousands of tourists to Vietnam each year.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam maintains diplomatic relations with 140 countries in the world, including France, China, Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, Canada, South Korea, Germany, New Zealand, Australia, Russia and Malaysia.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Ha Long Bay is generally considered to be the most beautiful scenery in the whole of Vietnam. It consist of 1,969 islands and islets situated in the Gulf of Tonkin. This zone is known for its spectacular seascape of limestone pillars. It is one of the most popular spots in Asia. Ha Long Bay has been recognized as a World Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam joined the United Nations in 1977.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Hanoi is the capital city of Vietnam. It is the most important economic, industrial and cultural center in the country.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The best-known Vietnamese works of art the thousands of pagodas found throughout the country.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The education has received increased emphasis in Vietnam since the country became independent in 1976. Certainly, Vietnam has greatly increased the number of schools in response to demands for educational opportunities by the people.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...In 2000, Bill Clinton,who was president of the United States (1993-2001), was given a hero´s welcome in Vietnam as he became the first American president to visit the Asian country.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The "ao dai" is the most popular national costume in Vietnam.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is one of the ten member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Hanoi is well known for its famous restaurants. Some of the restaurants are built along the Red river to provide diners with a riverside view of Hanoi´s sunset.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam hosted delegates from 21 contries at the 2006 APEC Summit.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is a World Heritage Site in Vietnam.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...AmeliaVega, Miss Universe 2003,went to Hanoi to attend the 2003 Miss Vietnam pageant.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam competed at the modern Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The 11th Taekwondo World Championship was held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in June 2001.

DID YOU KNOW THAT....Like Carlos Noriega (Peru), Abdul Ahad Mohmad (Afghanistan), Jugdermedidiyn Gurragcha (Mongolia) and Salman al-Saud (Saudi Arabia), Pham Tuan was one of the best astronauts in the Third World. He was the first Vietnamese astronaut and the first Asian in space. Pham Tuan flew aboard the shuttle Soyuz-37 in July 1980. He was in space for more than 7 days. Pham Tuan was given a hero´s welcome when he returned to country after completing its historic orbital space flight.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is one of the best-watered areas in Southeast Asia. Five main rivers flow eastward across the country. They are Mekong, Red Can, Srepok and Black.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Hanoi hosted the Fifth Asia-Europe Summit Meeting (ASEM) in 2004.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has rich mineral deposits (oil, coal, gas, manganese, bauxite and phosphates), large forests, and good farm.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The Scent of Green Papaya was the first great Vietnamese movie of the 20th century. This film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Category at the 1993 Academy Awards. The movie enjoyed the highest-grossing opening in Vietnam film history.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has eight idols:Anh Hung Tran (film director), Pham Tuan (astronaut), Thuy Tran (modeling agent), Nguyen Thi Phoung (ecologist), Hieu Ngan Tan (sportswoman), Madame Ngo Dinh Nho (former first lady of Vietnam), Tony Bui (film maker) and Nguyen Thi Binh (vice president of Vietnam).

DID YOU KNOW THAT...More than 20 million people in Vietnam ride a bicycle.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has an area about 1 per cent as large as that of the United States.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Le Duc Tho was a diplomat who always worked for a unified Vietnam. He was born on October 14, 1911, in Phan Dinh Khai,Vietnam. Certainly, Le Duc Tho worked with Henry Kissinger (secretary of state of the United States) to end Vietnam war, and in 1973 the two men were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The award citation said, "On January 23 of this year a ceasefire agreement was concluded between the United States and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic.At its meeting on October 16 the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Storting decided to award the Peace Prize for the 1973 to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, the two chief negotiators who succeeded in arranging the ceasefire after negotiating for nearly four years..."

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam has been chosen to host the 2008 Miss Universe. Vietnam won the right to host the 2008 Miss Universe by one vote over Japan.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...President George W.Bush became the first U.S. president to visit Vietnam in the 21st century.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is about 8 times the size of Switzerland.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam competed at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha,Qatar. It finished 19th in the medal count, with 23 (3 gold), trailing China, South Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Iran, Uzbekistan, India, Qatar, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Bahrein, Hong Kong, North Korea, Kuwait and Philippines.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...Vietnam is famous for its beautiful beaches along the Pacific Ocean: Bai Chay, Tran Phu, Nha Trang,China Beach,Mui Ne Beach,Hon Chong Beach and Bai Tam.

DID YOU KNOW THAT...The 7th Summit of the Francophonie was held in Hanoi,Vietnam

Fascinating Facts About Vietnam
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Alejandro Guevara Onofre: He is a freelance writer. Alejandro is of Italian, African and Peruvian ancestry.He´ve studied political science and journalism. He has published more than seventy-five research paper in English, and more than twenty in Spanish, concerning the world issues, olympic sports, countries, and tourism. His next essay is called "The Dictator and Alicia Alonso". He is an expert on foreign affairs. Furthermore, Alejandro is the first author who has published a world-book encyclopedia in Latina America.

He admires Frida Kahlo (Mexican painter), Hillary Clinton (ex-First Lady of the USA), and Jimmy Carter (former President of the USA). His favorite film is "Gorillas in the Mist". Some of his favorite books are "The Return of Eva Peron and the Killings in Trinidad" (by V.S.Naipaul), "Las Mujeres de los Dictadores" (by Juan Gasparini) and "Murder of a Gentle Land" (by John Barron and Anthony Paul). His personal motto is "The future is for those people who believe in the beauty o f their dreams" by Eleanor Roosevelt.

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How to Get a Handyman License

How Do You Get a Handyman License?

A handyman can be defined as a person who is a jack of all that includes countless small but very essential tasks in and around the house. Typical handyman completes them without concerning other professionals and do not dig a hole in customer's pocket. So much potentiality handymen have got and that may attract you and why not, unbelievably, they may earn thousands of dollars a month!

If you are handyman, you are required everywhere for everything! You may get good money for even easiest task such as painting the outside of any dwelling or simply repainting the kitchen. However, you may have to accept some advanced task as a handyman such as replacing an air conditioning unit. If anyone thinks about any of the household things, it is you, you and only you!

How to Get a Handyman License

However, you must get license to work. This is to be on safer side and also to enhance your presentation since many customers prefer handymen those are licensed. If you wonder how do I get handyman license, you must learn that getting a license to become professional handyman reflects your potential customers that you are qualified and also sincere about the task given. When you compete with those who do not have licensed it is quite obvious that you are the final choice! Even many states have rule that handymen must be licensed. Even if the state does not ask for handyman license, it would be in your beneficial.

If you are thinking to tie up with some firm, company or franchisee, they will ask you for the license. Let us find a way that can get you answer for how do I get handyman license.

Step 1: First of all is determining the type of handyman license you require. You can review the state board of contractors for this. The license depends upon the experience and field of your expertise. Most states need that you have license, but others may ask for different types of handyman licenses that you might not be sure of.

Step 2: You should then get prepared for the test through the local state board of licensing. This requires you to pass order that obtains the handyman authentication. The test may include the topics of general state laws and businesses. You can schedule the test date in next week or two so that you have enough time to pave the way for the same.

Step 3: To get thorough with all the preparations of handyman license test, you can simply sign up for some seminars that may assist you to prepare for the test. You can also contact The National Contractor License Service as they can guide you about various seminars in your region. You can also ask to state's licensing board for some specific code books and some other text or study material that can assist you in mastering on the subjects. Once you are thorough the test, you get license.

Once you are licensed, you can either join some franchisee or can work independently. Whatever the way you choose, if you concentrate and gain experience, you can earn flawlessly.

A handyman in Minnesota may have different requirements than a California handyman.

How to Get a Handyman License
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What is Handyman? [http://www.handy.mn/handyman/what-is-a-handyman/] - Find out at Handy.mn

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Importance of Value Education

Seven sins: wealth without work, pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character,commerce without morality, science without humanity, worship without sacrifice, politics without principle.

-Mahatma Gandhi

Just in case you believe that great social problems are beyond your scope, consider this story: God said to me: Your task is to build a better world. I answered: How can I do that? The world is such a large, vast place, so complicated now, and I am so small and useless. There nothing I can do. But God in his great wisdom said: Just build a better you.

Importance of Value Education

- Anonymous

The moral values present a true perspective of the development of any society or nation. They tell us to what extent a society or nation has developed itself. Values are virtues, ideals and qualities on which actions and beliefs are based. Values are guiding principles that shape our world outlook, attitudes and conduct. Values however are either innate or acquired. Innate values are our inborn divine virtues such as love, peace, happiness, mercy and compassion as well as the positive moral qualities such as respect, humility, tolerance, responsibility, cooperation, honesty and simplicity.

Acquired values are those external values adopted at your "place of birth" or "place of growth" and
are influenced by the immediate environment. Examples of acquired values are one's mode of dress, the way you bless, cultural customs, traditions, habits and tendencies.

The main causes of moral degeneration are:

- Lack of respect for the sanctity of human life.

- Breakdown of parental control of children in families

- Lack of respect for authority, seen through the brazen breaking of the law and

Total disregard for rules and regulations

- Crime and corruption

- Abuse of alcohol and drugs

- Abuse of women and children, and other vulnerable members of society.

- Lack of respect for other people and property.

To solve all these type problems it is necessary to know the main causes of the above problems. We know today children are tomorrow's citizens. If we give good education to the present day children, the future of the next generations will be well. My opinion education is the solution for all types of the problems. Now we are living in the modern century. If we use science and technology in the proper way it is not difficult for us to solve all the problems of the non-moral and value things.The main object of the study is to inculcate moral and value based education in schools and colleges and to know the attitude of intermediate students towards moral values. Gandhiji advised the inmates of Sabarmati Ashram on the practice of the following values in their day-
to-day life:

1. Ahimsa

2. Non-stealing

3. Non-possession

4. Swadeshi

5. Manual work

6. Fearlessness

7. Truth

8. Chastity

9. Equality of religion

10. Removal of untouchability

11. Control of palate

Important life goals and personal characteristics:

Life goals and Personal characteristics are very necessary for all types of persons in the society.

Life Goals:

- A world at peace (free of war and conflict)

- Freedom (independence, free choice)

- Wisdom (a mature understanding of life)

- Happiness (contentedness)

- An exciting life (a stimulating, active life)

- Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all)

- A comfortable life (a prosperous life)

- Self-respect (self-esteem, feeling good about yourself)

- Salvation (religiously saved, eternal life)

- Mature love (sexual & spiritual intimacy)

- Social recognition (respect, admiration)

- A sense of accomplishment (I've made a lasting contribution)

- Family security (taking care of loved ones)

- True friendship (close companionship)

- A world of beauty (beauty of nature and the arts)

- Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict)

- Pleasure (an enjoyable, leisurely life)

- National security (protection from attack)

Personal Characteristics:

- Self-controlled (thinks first, restrained, self-disciplined)

- Honest (sincere, truthful, disclosing)

- Loving (affectionate, tender, caring)

- Ambitious (hard working, aspiring)

- Cheerful (lighthearted, joyful)

- Responsible (dependable, reliable)

- Independent (self-reliant, sufficient)

- Broad-minded (open-minded, able to see other viewpoints)

- Polite (courteous, well mannered)

- Forgiving (willing to pardon others)

- Intellectual (intelligent, reflective, knowledgeable)

- Helpful (working for the welfare of others)

- Obedient (dutiful, respectful)

- Capable (competent, effective, skillful)

- Logical (consistent, rational, aware of reality)

- Clean (neat, tidy)

- Imaginative (daring, creative)

- Courageous (standing up for your beliefs, strong)

Hogan (1973) believes that moral behavior is determined by five factors: (1) Socialization: becoming aware as a child of society's and parents' rules of conduct for being good. (2) Moral
judgment: learning to think reasonably about our own ethics and deliberately deciding on our own
moral standards. (3) Moral feelings: the internalization of our moral beliefs to the degree that we feel shame and guilt when we fail to do what we "should." (4) Empathy: the awareness of other people's situation, feelings, and needs so that one is compelled to help those in need. (5) Confidence and knowledge: knowing the steps involved in helping others and believing that one is responsible for and capable of helping.

Today we facing so many problems like terrorism, poverty and population problem. It is necessary to inculcate moral values in curriculum. Education is an effective weapon. Education is a weapon, whose effect depends on who holds it is his handsand at whom it is aimed. (Joseph Stalin)

Curricular Activities:

Due to liberalization, industrialization and globalization rapid changes are occurring in almost all social sciences. The value possessed and their attitudes according to the changes should be known up to date vast changes are occurring in the education. So called philosophical foundations of India are declining day to day with the country in a state of social turbulence, the goals and functions of formal education need to be reassessed and updated. Through education we can change the world.

- By giving a place for moral values in the curriculum.

- Moral values can be explained through stories and illustrations.

- Through poetry, novel and stories we can inculcate moral values in the students.

- Role play of a good story in the lesson.

- Educate students through posters, advertisements and dramatizations; those are all a part
in the curriculum.

- By introducing a course on moral values as a part of its Master Degree in Developmental
Administration.

- Giving course training to students to develop moral values in the society.

- By educating citizen through direct contact by setting up local offices across the religion.

- First of all educate women in the society. Mother is the first teacher. Motivate every woman
to know about moral values through special course like "Gandhian Studies".

"IF WEALTH IS LOST NOTHING IS LOST"

"IF HEALTH IS LOST SOMETHING IS LOST"

"IF CHARACTER IS LOST EVERYTHING IS LOST"

BEST OF ALL THINGS IS CHARACTER - FATHER OF INDIAN NATION MAHATMA GANDHI

Importance of Value Education
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Name:Naraginti Amareswar Reddy Father Name: N.M.Reddy Sex: Male Date of Birth: 10th Fed 1981 Ed Qua: M.Sc., M.Ed., research scholar in the dept. of education, sri venkateswara university, tirupati, India. e-mail ID: amareswaran@yahoo.co.in

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Economic Issues That Should Influence Ethical Multi-National Enterprises (MNE)

Multi-National Enterprises (MNE's) are huge organisations whose boundaries of influence and philosophy exceed those of the home country they originate. They are a very real and important part of the business world in which we live today. Companies such as IBM, McDonald's, Microsoft, Nike, Starbucks and Wal-Mart, to name but a few, are huge organisations whose sales and profits often far exceed the Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross National Income (GNI) of many countries or states. Such wealth and resources often, as in most walks of life, coincide with power. The way in which such organisations use their 'purchased' power is the topic of much debate. The emphasis they place on satisfying their 'stakeholder needs' can vary between companies and also between the countries they invest in. An MNE's stakeholders are as numerous as they are varied, ranging from shareholders, employees and directors to government / political parties, local communities and environmental pressure groups. During the course of this essay the economic issues which will determine an MNE's global decision making process will be examined and the effect on the Countries they locate and inhabit analysed.

Although difficult to refine, a common dictionary definition for the word Economic is 'the production and management of wealth' (Reference One: Webster's Pocket Dictionary). Therefore it is logical that Economics with regard to a country or economy refers to the factors which contribute to the production and management of wealth (whether that be financial or other) through producing, distributing and consuming of resources. Economic issues are a wide topic area and they can range from 'big to small, from local to national to international, from current to future; from the rising costs of raw materials to the market entry of a new rival, from the forthcoming Budget to the instability of international exchange rates, from the current availability of investment funds to the likely future cash flow from a new product.'. (Reference Two: Sloman, J, Sutcliffe, M.) They are forever changing and, although they can be predicted or estimated by Economists to Accountants, the future Economic state of a country or region can never be a certainty. The Economics of a country can change suddenly through politics, natural disasters, war and man-made disasters (such as 9/11 and the Boxing Day Tsunami) to name but a few. Such events are often not foreseeable, but MNE's will always take into account the stability and potential for change within a country before making any form of investment.

Ethics is usually associated with levels of morality and general conduct. However ethics, with regards to business, are very difficult to gauge. Nearly every company in existence will claim publicly that their policies and actions are ethical, but in reality they are often anything but. The simple truth of business is that the vast majority of companies are in existence to create money for the shareholders and other internal stakeholders, thus if ethical policies assist in this they are implemented and if they don't they are not. However, often what is good for the MNE is also of benefit to the host country. Sloman and Sutcliffe state 'MNC's bring with them investment, which is crucial to economic growth. They also provide the host state with foreign exchange, which might be crucial in helping purchase vital imports.'. (Reference Three).

Economic Issues That Should Influence Ethical Multi-National Enterprises (MNE)

Some countries have certain legislation referring to Ethical behaviour and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), but they often have little or no effect on MNE's due to their vagueness and difficulty in monitoring and enforcing. It will always be the case that what appears ethical to one person may seem unethical to the next. This is highlighted in the present day climate by differing attitudes between westernised countries and those in the middle-east. For example in middle-eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran it is viewed as ethical and right that women are treated as inferior to men. However, to the westernised countries such as the UK and USA such treatment of the female species is considered unethical and sexism in most instances.

"Corporate Social Responsibility requires companies to acknowledge that they should be publicly accountable not only for their financial performance but also for their social and environmental record. More widely, CSR encompasses the extent to which companies should promote human rights, democracy, community improvement and sustainable development objectives throughout the world." (Reference Four: Confederation of British Industry, 2001). It is interesting to note that the Confederation of British Industry use the world 'should' rather than 'must' when referring to corporate obligations. Due to such vagueness it is often left to independent groups or charities to make MNE's 'answerable for their actions'. However they often hold very little influence or power and are simply dismissed by large organisations, particularly as many MNE's employ lobbyists to find favour with powerful government figures. For example the Anti-Globalisation Movement protests against the behaviour of MNE's and aims to bring about policies which will regulate the activities of large organisations on the grounds of morals and ethics. However they openly admit they face numerous hurdles when trying to take action against any such MNE due to the power and political influence many of these MNE's have gained.

The way in which MNE's approach decision making in the global environment will vary between companies, but the basic principles will remain the same. Obviously unethical companies may aid their cause via bribes, fraud, taxation evasion and other variations of corruption. Whilst it would be naïve to suggest such activities do not occur, it should also be considered that bribery and corruption are in most instances between individuals. Therefore it is highly unlikely that any MNE would actively promote bribery and corruption, yet may have individuals / groups situated in powerful positions who are willing to.

The classification of countries and regions into Economic Systems is a useful tool for MNE's when deciding on FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) policy. Ever country is controlled by the Public Sector (e.g. Government, Military) or Private Sector (e.g. Industry, Large Private Organisations). The degree to which they are controlled by the Private or Public Sector leads to a further classification system of State Capitalism (Government intervention), Market Economy (Consumer sovereignty), Command Economy (Complete Government control) and Mixed Economy (Government intervention when required). The Economic System classification will allow MNE's to compare the merits and potential problems of particular countries with regard to their business. In most instances it would appear that a Market Economy is the ideal location for MNE's, but often this is not the case. Whilst having the benefit of free trade and limited regulations, Market Economies are often highly competitive, 'dog eat dog' environments where only the most efficient and effective survive. In contrast, a Command Economy (such as the regime in China) may offer Government incentives, protection from competition via strict import legislation and cheap labour (due to a lack of unemployment benefits).

Once a location has been chosen the MNE will then decide, with the aid of Cost Benefit Analysis, which strategy to implement. The three recognised strategies are National, Multi-domestic and Global. National Strategy is an export orientated strategy where all manufacture takes place in the 'home' country and the global markets are served via exports. Multidomestic or Autarkic Strategy involves self sufficient subsidiaries of the company working independently within the group. Finally Global Strategy involves subsidiaries having specific roles or tasks which they specialise in and operate interdependently within the group.

As stated earlier, the main purpose of any MNE is to attain healthy profits and to keep stakeholders and shareholders happy through good wages, bonuses and high dividend pay-outs. However, if the MNE deems itself and strives to be deemed 'ethical', it should not aim to make profits at the expense of the local economy it inhabits. Each MNE will have a Mission, Objectives and Strategies as their foundation. In most instances the company Mission will describe an ethical stance, but even if it is not contained within the Mission there will be objectives and strategies which relate to ethics.

Companies such as Nike and Adidas are major culprits with regards to making a profit at the expense of particular economies and countries. They own numerous production factories throughout Asia, particularly in China, which employ local people on extremely low wages, often working in excess of 90 hours per week in working conditions which would be outlawed in every developed country. Their products are then exported to affluent Western countries where they sell for up to fifty times the cost of production. It is rumoured that Nike's main sponsorship investment, Michael Jordan, was paid in one year more than the entire Nike production staff based in Malaysia received in the same year period. And by no means are Adidas and Nike the sole offenders. Referring to Wal-Mart's operations in China, The National Labour Committee and China Labour Watch stated 'workers received on average 16.5 cents an hour when the legal minimum in China was 31 cents an hour.'. (Reference Five).

High unemployment is a common feature in many of the World's economies. Areas of high unemployment often appeal to MNE's, depending on the skills / background the unemployed possess. Areas such as Derby and Swindon (Toyota and Honda) were targeted by Japanese car manufacturing companies in the early 1980's for that reason amongst others. Companies can take advantage of experience in areas where similar industries have re-located or closed leaving a skilled unemployed population. In terms of ethics the company should not look to exploit such a workforce but pay the 'going rate' based on experience, skills and productivity. However if the MNE uncovers a large excess of 'easily replaceable' skilled workforce the trend is to 'drive down' salaries. Sloman and Sutcliffe state 'The growth of multinational corporations, with their ability to move finance and production to wherever it is most profitable, has weakened the power of employees, local interest groups and even national governments' (Reference Six). Whilst the short-term gains of this are often beneficial to the MNE, they are often countered by long-term dissatisfaction of the workforce leading to high resignation rates.

MNE's decision to introduce an FDI in a country will be influenced by government policies in each country. They will often seek Government grants / benefits for choosing certain locations and will be well aware of any laws regarding Minimum Wage and Working Conditions / hours.

Exchange rates must be considered by MNE's when deciding on FDI and global decisions as any sudden rise or fall can drastically effect profit margins. Other economic factors which need consideration are hostility of neighbouring countries, border and boundary controls, national resources (China has no oil supplies) and embargo's or sanctions (as with the US Trade Embargo on Cuba) against the country. The MNE needs to be aware of all tariffs, such as Transit Tariffs, they may face on a regular basis.

In conclusion I believe MNE's should strive to achieve maximum profits, but not at the expense of the economy / country they are operating from. This is of particular importance in developing countries were living conditions are often poor. MNE investments should serve the purpose of the organisation, but should also benefit the environment and community they operate within. Investments in infrastructure to aid transport of goods and raw materials should be built in dual benefit to the local community. Training of the work force should be wide-ranging and linked with education. The MNE's should consider such countries as potential consumers of the future and strive to help them flourish.

However, I feel that the degree of expertise, technology and knowledge which is passed on to certain countries must be limited to preserve the economic balance. Countries such as China have been gaining expertise and knowledge in many fields over recent years, whilst blocking 'free trade' which may threaten them. The fear in many industries is that with their abundance of cheap labour and lack of human rights with regards to working practices they will be able to 'under-cut' the rest of the world once they have achieved the knowledge and experience. A recent conversation with a senior German colleague of mine resulted in the comment "We are about to enter a 3rd World War, a War of business against the Chinese".

MNE's will come under increasing pressure in future years to increase their moral outlook. Pressure already comes from a wide range of sources such as Protest Groups, Governments to Rock Stars and celebrities (e.g. Sir Bob Geldof, Bono). Such moral obligations may displease current shareholders or discourage potential shareholders, but any 'forward thinking' MNE's should presently be striving towards policies which satisfy both parties. Future deterrents against immoral MNE's will most likely include Government (both National and Continental, such as EU) Legislation, Public protests, high taxation and global adverse publicity. The new technology available to the media added to the enormity which is the World-Wide Web, combined with the recent Freedom of Information Act, means that all organisations are subject to global scrutiny and everyone is able to voice an opinion. MNE's are continually being judged by the jury that is the human race. They must be aware of this and act accordingly through the global decisions they make. On a web-site debate run by the BBC, Isaac Brock of Canada wrote 'If multinational companies are allowed to expand without some form of control we will eventually find that decisions that effect us as individuals will be made within the boardrooms by unelected individuals, not by elected governments.'. (Reference Seven). I suggest MNE's should beware of amassing too much power within any one economy or country as with power comes responsibility. I doubt responsibility is something the majority of Shareholders want.

References:

One: 'Webster's Pocket Dictionary' 2001 Edition, Trident Press International, Page 183.
Two: Sloman, J, Sutcliffe, M. (2004) 'Economics for Business', 3rd Edition, London, Prentice Hall, Page 42
Three: Sloman, J, Sutcliffe, M. (2004) 'Economics for Business', 3rd Edition, London, Prentice Hall, Page 119
Four: ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/, accessed 15/11/06
Five: corpwatch.org/bbdf/kul, accessed 20/11/06
Six: Sloman, J, Sutcliffe, M. (2004) 'Economics for Business', 3rd Edition, London, Prentice Hall, Page 121
Seven: news.bbc.co.uk/, accessed 28/11/06

Economic Issues That Should Influence Ethical Multi-National Enterprises (MNE)
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A Sample Catering Business Plan Template

Before you start a catering business it is wise to put together a comprehensive business plan. It is important to set out clearly what you hope to achieve in business and to set measurable goals. Having a business plan will give you direction and keep you on a course for success.

A plan may be essential in order to prove that your concept is viable when it comes to talking to investors or seeking funding from other sources. However, even if you are independently funded and have nothing to prove to anyone a plan will still be useful. It will help you to confirm that your plans are indeed possible and it will give you a place to compile all the data that you collect from your research.

Once you start your catering business it is important to continue to refer to your business plan to make sure that you remain on track to meet your goals. You can also make changes to it if necessary as your business develops.

A Sample Catering Business Plan Template

There are many ways to set out a business plan. Below we offer a sample catering business plan template that is divided into twelve sections.

Cover and Table of Contents

Wrap the plan in a binder. On the cover you should give it a title and state clearly who the main contributors are and when it was prepared.

Then you can include a contents page that clearly divides the report into sections with page numbers so that interested parties can easily find the information that they are looking for.

Executive Summary

This is basically an introduction where you can summarise the other sections of the report and give a very basic outline of what the proposed business is about.

Mission Statement

Try to sum up what the business will be about in a few short sentences. A mission statement is similar to a slogan. It is a quick way of letting readers know about the ideals and standards that a company represents. Putting profits aside for a minute, try to think about the purpose of the business. How is your catering business making people's lives better?

Background

Include some information on the catering industry at both the national and local levels. Take note of industry trends and try to forecast future developments

Include a personal background. There are many good reasons to start a catering business and you should let readers know why you are drawn to this industry above all others. Outline your working history and attach any relevant reference letters as an appendix to the plan.

Outline any competitive advantages that you may have. Do you have any catering business qualifications or skills? Have you have experience in the hospitality industry? Do you have existing relationships with suppliers or prospective clients?

Goals

Set out some growth targets and other goals over the short and medium terms. Goals for a catering service could be the number clients, the number of events, total revenue or average profit margins on events. Refer to your business plan regularly and push yourself to keep up with the goals that you set.

Startup Costs and Considerations

List out startup costs and initial operating costs and then calculate the total amount of startup capital that is required before you can open your doors to clients.

Make a note of the sources of funding that are available to you and the advantages and disadvantages of each option.

Outline all of the other hurdles that must be overcome before you can start operating as a catering service. Depending on the requirements in your state or country you will have a number of licenses and permits to obtain. You may even have to do a short course to get certified in food management or hygiene. It is important to set out the costs involved as well as a time frame for compliance with these local regulations.

Ownership and Management

This section of your catering business plan should suggest whether you intend to structure your business as a sole proprietorship, a partnership or a limited liability company.

If the business will have multiple owners then you should set out clearly what their respective interests will be and the role that they will play in the management of the business.

Set out a basic management structure outlining who has responsibility for various aspects of the business. This will be easy in the beginning but eventually you may have marketing staff, administration staff, kitchen staff and servers. Make it clear how you plan on delegating tasks, leadership and responsibility for decision making down to your employees.

Operations

This section is important for including details on how the business will operate on a daily basis. Information that should be mentioned here includes location, administration, employees and equipment.

Set out a plan of attack for catering an event. Outline some of the problems that you will be facing and offer some solutions.

Market Analysis

Undertake some market research to get a better idea of the opportunities that currently exist in your market.

Do a competitive analysis to get a better understanding of your competitors. Once you understand more about them, set out a plan for competing against them by offering something different in the way of menus and services.

Marketing Plan

There are many different catering niche markets. Before you start your marketing efforts it is important to have a good idea of your menus and the niches that you are targeting. Try to identify a gap in the market that is not being met by other caterers and go after it.

Once you have a better idea of what you are selling you can then look at how you can sell it effectively. Start by packaging your offerings nicely into menus, brochures and a website. Then work out a system for pricing catering jobs profitably.

Outline how you plan on getting leads and enquiries. You can run advertising, buy leads or try many other marketing strategies.

Lastly, you need to have a sales strategy. Tell readers how you plan on selling your catering products and services in a way that you make the most of the limited number of enquiries that you receive.

Financial Planning

Perhaps one of the most important parts of any business plan is the financial plan. You need to make some forecasts of revenue and expenditure over a period of several years. You can then estimate when you will reach a break even point and how much profit will be possible in the future.

Set out anticipated monthly cash flows in a spreadsheet program on your computer. As businesses often don't grow as fast as their owners expect them to you should outline several scenarios. One scenario can show your expected outcome, one can show a more optimistic forecast and the third one can show a worst case scenario.

Appendix

Attach an appendix to your report with your resume and photos of menu items. Also include anything else that is relevant or that you have referred to in your catering business plan.

Having a good catering business plan template can help you to write your own as you have a basic layout to follow and you can make small adjustments for your own unique situation.

A Sample Catering Business Plan Template
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For more information on catering business start up costs, business plans and numerous other topics visit -

Starting a Catering Business

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Pet Poison Control Emergency Hotline Contact List For Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and Animals

Print Out this Pet Poison Control Hotline List and Post Near Your Telephone! When a suspected accidental Pet Poisoning occurs, seconds can mean the difference! You now have one convenient source for multiple options should a pet poison emergency occur. Print this list out and tape it inside one of your kitchen cabinets, or keep it near your telephone. Make sure all responsible family members know where it is. Every pet owner should be prepared, and currently it could take a long period of time to research this information on the internet from individual websites. When an emergency occurs, time is critical! This list saves you that precious time.

Your home may be filled with guests and holiday festivities. You may be washing the floor and turn to answer the phone. You might accidentally drop a prescription pill, or drop something by mistake without even knowing that something bad is about to happen. No matter how hard we all try to keep our pets safe, we need to be prepared should something go wrong.

As a rule of thumb, anything that you would not want to drink or eat is probably not good for your pet. Animals usually weigh a lot less, so a much smaller amount of poison could become a problem. In addition to the obvious such as cleaning supplies, insecticides, garden chemicals, paints, and medicines, even some plant leaves can prove dangerous. When possible, your pet should only eat or drink products labeled for their specific dietary needs. If in doubt, do not allow your pet to eat or drink anything without further research, or approval by your vet!

Pet Poison Control Emergency Hotline Contact List For Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and Animals

This list has been provided as a courtesy to all pet owners. The list provides options in an emergency for those without credit cards, or local emergency poison control centers for animals. It offers peace of mind to you, the pet parent! It also helps to stay focused and provide the necessary information as needed.

ASPCA - 1 888 426 4435 - Cost billed to credit card - available 24 hours a day / 365 days a year

ASPCA - 1 900 443 0000 - Cost billed directly to your telephone account - available 24 hours a day / 365 days a year

Angell Poison Control Hotline - 1 877 2 ANGELL - Cost billed to credit card - available 24 hours a day / 365 days a year

Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine - 785 532 5679 - FREE SERVICE - available 24 hours a day / may take a few minutes to page the veterinary toxicologist on call at that time

Animal Poison Hotline - 1 888 232 8870 - Cost billed to credit card - available 24/7 - provided by North Shore Animal League & PROSAR International Animal Poison Center

Pet Poison Helpline - 1 800 213 6680 - Cost billed to your credit card

National Animal Poison Control Center - 1 800 548 2423 - Cost billed to credit card - request current pricing

National Animal Poison Control Center - 1 900 680 0000 - Cost billed to callers telephone - request current pricing

Tuft University School of Veterinary Medicine - 508 839 5395

Please find the name, address and telephone of the nearest Pet Emergency Clinic in your area and write it in below for future reference.

Name of Emergency

Clinic
_______________________________________________________________

Address
_____________________________________________________________________________

Telephone
___________________________________________________________________________

Directions, hours, etc.
_________________________________________________________________

In the Event of an Emergency, be Prepared to give the following information:

Your name, address and telephone number

Any information regarding the exposure (ie; the amount of poisonous product, the amount of times since the exposure to the poison, etc.)

The species of animal, breed, age, sex, weight and whether or not more than one animal is involved

The name of the poison or type of poison that the animal was exposed to, if you know (provide as much information as possible)

What problems or symptoms that your animal or animals are experiencing

This information has been prepared as a courtesy to pet owners. All information such as phone numbers, costs or policies could change, but the goal has been to present multiple options to protect your pets in a quick and accessible format. Please read and print this information and place it in a location that is easily found should an emergency occur. Please pass this information along to every pet owner that you know, and ask them to do the same.

You love your pets - please protect their health and safety! For More Free Info on Pets, as well as to read many informative pet articles that enhance the bond between pet and pet parent, visit our new website by clicking: Wipe Paws Here!

Pet Poison Control Emergency Hotline Contact List For Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and Animals
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Bill VS is an Internet Marketer that owns successful webstores as well as promotes unique opportunities for his readers to begin to solve their own financial problems and to reach their own financial milestones. He also Loves Pets and offers extensive FREE information to Enhance the Relationship between Pets and Pet Parents! Please learn more by clicking the following link: http://4urpet.blogspot.com

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